initial setup with top-bottom approach

src/Button.java

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+import java.awt.*;
+import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
+
+public class Button extends Visual {
+
+    public Button()
+    {
+        super();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void paint(BufferedImage imageBuffer)
+    {
+        Graphics g = imageBuffer.getGraphics();
+        g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
+        g.fillRect(10, 33, 500, 500);
+    }
+}

src/CustomFrame.java

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+import java.awt.*;
+import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
+
+public class CustomFrame extends Frame {
+    private BufferedImage imageBuffer;
+
+    public CustomFrame()
+    {
+        super();
+        this.addWindowStateListener(e -> {
+            imageBuffer = new BufferedImage(getWidth(), getHeight(), BufferedImage.TYPE_3BYTE_BGR);
+            imageBuffer.getGraphics().setColor(Color.WHITE);
+            imageBuffer.getGraphics().fillRect(0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight());
+            imageBuffer.getGraphics().setColor(Color.BLACK);
+        });
+    }
+
+    public BufferedImage getImageBuffer() {
+        return this.imageBuffer;
+    }
+
+    public CustomFrame(String name)
+    {
+        super(name);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setSize(Dimension d)
+    {
+        this.setSize(d.width, d.height);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setSize(int width, int height)
+    {
+        super.setSize(width, height);
+        this.imageBuffer = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_3BYTE_BGR);
+        this.imageBuffer.getGraphics().setColor(Color.WHITE);
+        this.imageBuffer.getGraphics().fillRect(0, 0, this.getWidth(), this.getHeight());
+        this.imageBuffer.getGraphics().setColor(Color.BLACK);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void paint(Graphics g)
+    {
+        g.drawImage(imageBuffer, 5, 0, this.getWidth(), this.getHeight(), null);
+    }
+}

src/Main.java

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+import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
+import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
+
+public class Main {
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        Window win = new Window();
+        win.setVisible(true);
+        win.setSize(640, 480);
+        win.setPositionRelativeTo(null);
+        win.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
+            @Override
+            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
+                win.dispose();
+            }
+        });
+
+        Button button = new Button();
+        win.addVisual(button);
+    }
+}

src/Visual.java

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+import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+public class Visual {
+    private List<Visual> children;
+    private Visual parent;
+    private BufferedImage imageBuffer;
+    private int width;
+    private int height;
+    private int locationX;
+    private int locationY;
+
+
+    public Visual() {
+        this.children = new ArrayList<>();
+        this.parent = null;
+        this.imageBuffer = new BufferedImage(0, 0, BufferedImage.TYPE_3BYTE_BGR);
+    }
+
+    public int getWidth()
+    {
+        return this.width;
+    }
+
+    public int getHeight()
+    {
+        return this.height;
+    }
+
+    public void setSize(int width, int height){
+        this.width = width;
+        this.height = height;
+        
+//        if(this.parent != null) {
+//            this.imageBuffer = this.parent.getImageBuffer();
+//        }
+        this.repaint();
+    }
+
+    private void calculateInitialSize() {
+        this.width = this.parent.getWidth() - this.getLocationX();
+        this.height = this.parent.getHeight() - this.getLocationY();
+        this.imageBuffer = this.parent.getImageBuffer().getSubimage(this.locationX, this.locationY, this.width, this.height);
+    }
+
+    private void calculateInitialLocation(){
+        this.locationX = 200;
+        this.locationY = 200;
+    }
+
+    public void addVisual(Visual child) {
+        this.children.add(child);
+        child.setParent(this);
+        child.calculateInitialLocation();
+        child.calculateInitialSize();
+
+        this.repaint();
+    }
+
+    private void setParent(Visual parent)
+    {
+        this.parent = parent;
+    }
+
+    private void handleNotification() {
+
+    }
+
+    private void notifyParent()
+    {
+        this.parent.handleNotification();
+    }
+
+    public void repaint() {
+        if(this instanceof Window)
+        {
+            for(Visual v: children)
+            {
+                v.paint(this.imageBuffer);
+            }
+        }
+        else{
+            this.parent.repaint();
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void callRepaint()
+    {
+        this.repaint();
+    }
+
+    public int getLocationX(){
+        return this.locationX;
+    }
+
+    public int getLocationY(){
+        return this.locationY;
+    }
+
+    public void setLocationX(int locationX){
+        this.locationX = locationX;
+    }
+
+    public void setLocationY(int locationY){
+        this.locationY = locationY;
+    }
+
+    public void paint(BufferedImage imageBuffer) {
+
+    }
+
+    public void setImageBuffer(BufferedImage imageBuffer){
+        this.imageBuffer = imageBuffer;
+    }
+
+    private BufferedImage getImageBuffer() {
+        return this.imageBuffer;
+    }
+
+    public void triggerBufferChange() {
+        for(Visual v: children){
+            v.imageBuffer = this.imageBuffer;
+            v.triggerBufferChange();
+        }
+    }
+}

src/Window.java

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+import java.awt.*;
+import java.awt.event.WindowListener;
+import java.awt.event.WindowStateListener;
+
+public class Window extends Visual {
+    public CustomFrame frame;
+
+    public Window()
+    {
+        super();
+        this.frame = new CustomFrame();
+        this.addWindowStateListener(e -> {
+            setImageBuffer(frame.getImageBuffer());
+            triggerBufferChange();
+            repaint();
+        });
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setSize(int width, int height)
+    {
+        this.frame.setSize(width, height);
+        this.setImageBuffer(this.frame.getImageBuffer());
+        super.setSize(width, height);
+    }
+
+    public void setSize(Dimension dimension) {
+        this.setSize(dimension.width, dimension.height);
+    }
+
+    public void setVisible(Boolean visible)
+    {
+        frame.setVisible(visible);
+    }
+
+    public void addWindowListener(WindowListener listener)
+    {
+        frame.addWindowListener(listener);
+    }
+
+    public void addWindowStateListener(WindowStateListener listener)
+    {
+        frame.addWindowStateListener(listener);
+    }
+
+    public void dispose()
+    {
+        frame.dispose();
+    }
+
+    public void setPositionRelativeTo(Component c){
+        frame.setLocationRelativeTo(c);
+    }
+}